NLS Glossary

Armoring

is the protective “cover” made of metal wires or bands, that is put around the cable sheath; it provides protection against harsh external environments.

Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG)

Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG) are optical planar devices that are usually used as multiplexers/demultiplexers. These design of these devices are based on an array of waveguides with both imaging and dispersive properties. Although AWGs are also known under dierent names such as Phased Arrays (PHASARs), and Waveguide Grating Routers (WRGs), AWG is the most frequently used term in the telecommunications industry. Light waves of dierent wavelengths interfere linearly with each other, thus multiple optical channels with slightly dierent wavelengths.

Arrhenius temperature dependence

implies that the rate of change in a physical or chemical process, or the particular property under observation, has an exponential temperature dependence of the form Rate $R a t e = C e x p (\frac{- Δ Η}{R T})$ where C is a constant, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature (in Kelvins) and ΔH is the activation energy of associated with the process, in $J m o l^{- 1}$ .

Arthur Ashkin


	Arthur Ashkin Birthdate: Birthplace: Death:	The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 2 September 1922 New York, NY, USA 21 September 2020 Rumson, NJ, USA
	Occupation:	Physicist, optical scientist.
	Ashkin was born in Brooklyn, New York, to immigrant parents from what is now part of Ukraine. For his PhD at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, Ashkin measured the angular dependence of electron–electron and electron–positron scattering accurately enough to verify the full quantum electrodynamic (relativistic) theory. Arthur Ashkin was the father of optical trapping. Using focused laser beams, he manipulated particles ranging in size from atoms to cells and their components. In 2018, aged 96, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for “optical tweezers and their application to biological systems”. He also made pioneering discoveries about the forces that light exerts. Ashkin — ‘Art’ to most of us— died on 21 September, aged 98. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018, Prize motivation: "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems."

ASCII / Barcode

The character set and code described in American National Standard Code for Information Interchange between data processing systems, communication systems and associated equipment. The ASCII set consists of both control and printing characters.

ASIC

Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) can be thought of as “crypto mining machines.”. this sort makes it possible to execute numerous functions which would otherwise necessitate a large number of standard modules. In this way, good reliability and a long service life can be assured for each sensor using the same module.

NLS-Glossary