NLS-Glossary

Bokeh is a word that describes blurry, quite large, often round blobs in the image, often as background of some focussed image part.                                                                       

Bolometers use the temperature dependency of the electric resistance. The sensitive element consists of a resistor, which changes when it absorbs heat. The change in resistance leads to a changed signal voltage. The material should have a high temperature factor of the electrical resistance in order to work with high Sensitivity and high specific detectivity. Bolometers which work at room temperature use the temperature coefficient of metallic resistors e.g. black layer and thin layer bolometer as well as of semiconductor resistors e.g. thermistor bolometers.

describes the behavior of a collection of particles (e.g. gas atoms) in terms of their energy distribution. It specifies the number of particles, N(E), with an energy E through N(E) ∝ exp(–E /kT) where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature (Kelvins). The description is non-quantum mechanical in the sense that there is no restriction to how many particles can have the same state (the same wavefunction) with an energy E. It applies when there are only a few particles compared with the number of possible states so that the likelihood of two particles having the same state becomes negligible. This is generally the case for thermally excited electrons in the conduction band of a semiconductor where there are many more states than number of electrons. The kinetic energy distribution of gas molecules in a tank obeys the Boltzman statistics.

is the gas constant per atom or per molecule, that is, the gas constant divided by Avogadro’s number ($K=\frac{R}{NA}$) $K=1.38x{10}^{23}J.K^{-1}$; $\raisebox{1ex}{$3$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.KT$ is the mean kinetic energy associated with the translational motions of gas molecules in a gas cylinder at temperature T.

The Bookland barcode encodes the ISBN number in EAN-13 format followed by a 5-digit supplemental code. The barcode data always consists of the digits ‘978’ (the EAN article identifier), followed by a 9-digit number and one check digit. You can use the EAN-13 with 5-digits add-on for encoding. The 5-digit add-on barcode is used to encode the book price.

is added to silica glass to form B-doped silica to modify (decrease) the refractive index.